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fme_880889 - SECOND EMPIRE Médaille, Société des Sciences Industrielles, Arts et Belles Lettres

SECOND EMPIRE Médaille, Société des Sciences Industrielles, Arts et Belles Lettres XF
50.00 €约 384.50 CNY
数量
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种类 Médaille, Société des Sciences Industrielles, Arts et Belles Lettres
日期: 1865
材质 silver plated copper
直径 50,5 mm
模子方针 12 h.
硬币制模工 DEPAULIS Alexis Joseph (1790-1867)
重量 58,80 g.
侧面 lisse + abeille CUIVRE
印模 Abeille (1860 - 1880) CUIVRE
关于品相的说明
Médaille nettoyée, présentant des frottements dans les champs. Concrétions dans les creux des reliefs. Petite usure. Présence de coups et rayures, notamment sur la tranche

正面


正面的文字 ANÉPIGRAPHE.
正面的说明书 Représentation des quatre civilisations autour d’un autel, à l’arrière un arbre. Signé : DEPAULIS F..

背面


背面的文字 SOCIETE DES SCIENCES INDUSTRIELLES ARTS ET BELLES LETTRES DE PARIS - H. DUPONT F.RERES 1853. / *L’INDUSTRIE SOURCE DU BONHEUR DES NATIONS* - AUTORISATION MINISTERIELLE // DECERNEE / A / CARPENTIER / NECESSAIRE METRIQUE / 1865.
背面的说明书 Légende en 2 lignes circulaire autour d’une couronne de chêne et laurier. Légende en 5 lignes au centre.

历史细节


SECOND EMPIRE

(02/12/1852-04/09/1870)

Proclaimed Emperor under the name of Napoleon III, Louis Napoleon made his solemn entry into Paris on December 2, 1852.. He married Eugénie Marie de Montijo, a Spanish aristocrat, in January 1853. His reign can be divided into three periods: the authoritarian Empire until 1860; the Liberal Empire from 1860 to 1870 then the Parliamentary Empire in 1870. During the authoritarian Empire, Napoleon III exercised his power without sharing, controlled the press while the newspapers practiced self-censorship to avoid their suppression.. The prefects exercise unlimited power in the departments, the mayors, the civil servants are appointed by the government. As under the First Empire, Education and the University are monitored. Maintaining the main principles of the revolution, the sovereignty of the people is continued thanks to the consultation by plebiscite. On the economic level, the boom is important, industrialization develops as well as credit organizations and department stores. Military prestige is increased by the Crimean War which allows France to play an international role. The attack of Orsini (January 1858) does not prevent France from intervening in Italy to make triumph the principle of nationalities and allows the attachment of Nice and Savoy by the treaty of Turin (March 1860). From 1860, the Empire moved towards more freedoms: free trade treaty with England, appearance of a weak opposition in the Legislative Body, granting of the right to strike (1864), liberalization of the press (1868). On the international level, France acquires New Caledonia, Cochinchina and encourages the digging of the Suez Canal by Ferdinand de Lesseps. In Mexico, however, support for Maximilian and Austria was a failure. The 1869 elections were very bad for the regime and the opposition obtained 45% of the votes. The regime then evolved towards a parliamentary Empire by calling Émile Ollivier, leader of the Orléanist and liberal party, to power. After Sadowa in 1866 when Prussia crushed Austria, the affair of the throne of Spain and the dispatch from Ems led to the war which was declared on July 19, 1870. Accumulating setbacks, the French army was surrounded in Metz then Napoleon III, ill, capitulated at Sedan on September 2. As soon as the news was known, the decline of the Empire was announced by Gambetta, then the Republic was proclaimed on September 4.. Napoleon III was then taken captive to Hesse and then left for Kent where he died in 1873..

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